Speech for Taekwondo Essay Example

Speech for Taekwondo Essay Good morning to my esteemed teachers and classmates. What does Roundhouse, Chop, Side, Turning Back, Jumping front kick, Blocks and Sparring all have in common. No, they are not the ingredients my dad puts in his spicy Chile! It is the Korean Martial Art called Tae Kwon Do. Taekwondo means, the way of the foot and the fist. It is a form of self-defense using your bare hands and feet. Taekwondo dates back over 2000 years but has become one of the most popular sports in the world over the past 50 years. Taekwondo is participated by more than 40 million people in 142 countries in the world! Taekwondo has many kicks and special moves. The Roundhouse and Chop Kick are the basic kicks you learn when you begin taking lessons in Taekwondo. The Turning back and Jumping front kick are the more difficult kicks to learn. Other special moves include blocks which use hands, arms and knees to force incoming attacks away from your body. My final point I want to tell you about Taekwondo is yelling. When doing powerful moves, kicks and punches you can let out a loud yell. This can startle your opponent or audience which allows you to catch him or her off guard. Yelling also helps to tighten your stomach muscles and can protect you from your opponents attacks. In conclusion, Taekwondo is a great sport which includes both your mind and your body. Taekwondo is a lot of fun. Ive been taking Taekwondo for 2 months and have learned many of the techniques I have described to you today. I hope you have all learned something today on Taekwondo and I thank you for your attention. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech for Taekwondo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Speech for Taekwondo specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Speech for Taekwondo specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Free Essays on Weiner

Shiloh was one of Mason’s greatest and most noted works. The story is set in a small Kentucky town and contains persuasive allusions to popular culture. The central characters are young adults experiencing marriage problems and other disturbing effects of rapid social change. The Moffits have many things going on in their family and they undergoing many changes throughout the story. The switched role of Norma Jean and Leroy is what makes the story unique and great. Norma Jean looks like Wonder Woman as she pumps iron while Leroy sits on the sofa and knits. For Leroy change comes dramatically with a highway accident that ends his career as a long distance truck driver. Now his wrecked tractor trailer sits as a symbol in the backyard, and Leroy tries to sort through the wreckage of his personal life. Physical therapy helps to strengthen Leroy’s body, but no effective therapy is available for his damaged psyche. A small metal pin holds Leroy’s hips together, but his link with his wife becomes increasingly strained and artificial. Norma Jean actively pursues her own ritualistic patterns. In building a new body, she hopes to create a new identity. With her double given name Norma Jean may sound like a good old girl, but she is clearly striving to become a new woman. In addition to working out, Norma Jean also makes music. As a contrast to the discordant notes all around her, she creates pleasing harmonies on a new electric organ. The most obvious example of Norma Jean’s ritualistic efforts to create an impression of order, but such actions are only temporary measures. Their critical task is to put together fragments of time into a coherent personal history. They can hold together as a couple only if they can bridge the painful gaps and unite the disconnected stages of their individual lives.... Free Essays on Weiner Free Essays on Weiner Shiloh was one of Mason’s greatest and most noted works. The story is set in a small Kentucky town and contains persuasive allusions to popular culture. The central characters are young adults experiencing marriage problems and other disturbing effects of rapid social change. The Moffits have many things going on in their family and they undergoing many changes throughout the story. The switched role of Norma Jean and Leroy is what makes the story unique and great. Norma Jean looks like Wonder Woman as she pumps iron while Leroy sits on the sofa and knits. For Leroy change comes dramatically with a highway accident that ends his career as a long distance truck driver. Now his wrecked tractor trailer sits as a symbol in the backyard, and Leroy tries to sort through the wreckage of his personal life. Physical therapy helps to strengthen Leroy’s body, but no effective therapy is available for his damaged psyche. A small metal pin holds Leroy’s hips together, but his link with his wife becomes increasingly strained and artificial. Norma Jean actively pursues her own ritualistic patterns. In building a new body, she hopes to create a new identity. With her double given name Norma Jean may sound like a good old girl, but she is clearly striving to become a new woman. In addition to working out, Norma Jean also makes music. As a contrast to the discordant notes all around her, she creates pleasing harmonies on a new electric organ. The most obvious example of Norma Jean’s ritualistic efforts to create an impression of order, but such actions are only temporary measures. Their critical task is to put together fragments of time into a coherent personal history. They can hold together as a couple only if they can bridge the painful gaps and unite the disconnected stages of their individual lives....

Collective Bargaining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Collective Bargaining - Essay Example The unionization law, therefore, differs in various economic systems. The unionization is not allowed directly but it is a method that is developed in order to exercise collective bargaining and in its objective forming unions is a legal act (Katz, 1993). The formation of a union is only acceptable in private sector but it is treated as a capital crime in governmental offices and armed forces. In case of armed forces, the culprits of unionization are thrown into jail and upon completion of their sentence, they are court-martialed. The formation of a union is the last thing a soldier will think about before leaving his or her job. Additionally, armed forces argue that they are operating for saving their nations’ sovereignty and pride and therefore, they should not indulge in providing ideal work environment for the soldiers while they have to live in tough environment during the war so they must be trained in terms of making the most of even the worst kind of work climate. The practices of collective bargaining and unionization are known to emerge at the end of the great depression when people were forced to work in the extremities of inhumane environments. With the passage of time, the workers started to raise voices about their work environment and finally, legal courts initiated to respond to their needs and companies had to offer their employees a safe and sound environment to work in. the stream of change in this regard because the beacon of moment shifted towards improving the quality of supervisory behaviors as time passed. The legal pressures caused the companies to adopt modern philosophies of management such as delegation of authority and participative management. The Japanese taught the world that bureaucracy is an inefficient way of managing the organizations because it wastes too much time in decision making and they presented the concept of self-managed teams which scanned the environment so that they can develop strategies in order to cope with the current challenges of the business.

Cambodian Genocide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cambodian Genocide - Essay Example This genocide had a devastating effect to the people of Cambodia. An estimated 25% of the total population was killed. In addition, property worth billions was destroyed. Moreover, this genocide brought unprecedented suffering to the people of Cambodia. This caused psychological trauma to those who survived it. Mass graves were discovered later and the unearthed bones are preserved in memory of those who died in the genocide. In this paper, I will focus on Pol Pot’s ideology leading him to reconstruct Cambodia as well as the extermination of all those who were a formal threat to his success in achieving his mission. History of Cambodia before Genocide Cambodia, an Asian country, gained independence in the year 1953 after being ruled by the French for more than 100 years (Moses 224). It is famous due to its temples back in the 12th century. After independence, in the 1960s, Cambodia had a population of around 7 million people. 95% of the total population belonged to Buddhism re ligion. At this time, the country was under the rule of Prince Sihanouk. He continued to rule the country until 1970 when he was ousted from power through a military coup. Lon Nol, who was a lieutenant general came to power and was made the president. In retaliation, Prince Sihanouk joined his army with that of Khmer Rouge and started attacking Lon Nol’s army. ... Cambodia then became a battlefield. On the other hand, Pol Pot led Khmer Rouge, the guerrilla organization. Pol Pot was born in 1925 in central Cambodia. By that time, Cambodia was part of France (Bergin 9). When still young in his early 20s, Pol went to Paris, France where he pursued his education. He never cleared his studies as he joined Marxism and lost his scholarship. Pol Pot envied the Chinese communism. In 1962, Pol pot was leading the Cambodian Communist Party. Prince Sihanouk was not happy with Pol Pot affiliation. Pol Pot had to flee from Prince Sihanouk; he went to the jungle. In the jungle, Khmer Rouge, an armed movement headed by Pol Pot, was created. He defeated Prince Sihanouk in 1976 and he became the premier. Pol Pot believed that farmers were the best people in the world. He particularly admired the Chinese communism, and he believed in it. He tried to introduce this to his country, and he treated those who opposed him with brutality (Munyas 427). In fact, he belie ved that the more he killed the better since he was helping to purify the country. Khmer Rouge was the tool that Pol Pot used to rule Cambodia by an iron fist. The army was used to enforce his policies. Cambodia During he Genocide After successfully overthrowing the government, the Khmer group developed a mission for the country (Maguire 44). It wanted to incorporate the Mao, a Chinese communism model. Its approach was extreme and according to the group, it was the ideal way for the country to move on. Pol Pot and his group did not give a chance to the Cambodians to choose what they wanted. Instead, the population was forced to work on large farms. The group was ruthless with anyone who tried to go against it. All un-communists were

MarketingProject-Kuwait Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MarketingProject-Kuwait - Research Paper Example Additionally, the low average utilization of aircrafts, gives them a higher cost per every seat mile, this is different from Jazeera Air, which has cut its fleet and uses its aircrafts extensively (Shaw 35). This paper discusses how Ryanair’s limited airport transportation will work in the Middle East where the airports are concentrated. Consumers across the globe have continued to turn towards the internet for their various travel needs. This involves research on trips, comparison of prices, shopping for flights and booking. Consumers have found this convenient and vital to their business and personal travel needs. Looking across the markets with increased focus on the Middle East market, there are various emerging demographic trends that drive growth across the B2C travel industry. Understanding this trend is vital for Ryanair in order to create a strong presence online and increase market share. One demographic group, which would fly Ryanair is the age group from twenty fiv e to thirty four. This is because these are the most likely to prefer low cost carriers, as they have just started earning and would be more willing to forfeit the comfort and luxury of a traditional airline for the cost saving measures of a low cost carrier like Ryanair. People from thirty five to forty four would also consider flying Ryanair because of its cost cutting. This is generated by the idea that they have most likely had increased responsibilities. However, it should be noted that these are those people in the middle to low income earning bracket. Those over sixty-five were the least willing to consider flying Ryanair. Another demographic, which would fly Ryanair would be students studying abroad or travelling for study trips. This would be informed by the fact that they will be doing this on funds from the government or school. However, there was a disparity with the sexes, with one woman claiming that low cost carriers did not provide enough segregation for women, and s ince she preferred to remove her booking on the flight, she would be uncomfortable. Another demographic that would most certainly be willing to fly Ryanair for its low cost measures is tourist groups. Given that most claimed to be travelling on a budget that they had been saving for a while. For business people, the most receptive to Ryanair travel were those in supervisory roles or junior management positions, in their companies. Those in middle management roles were also receptive of the idea of a low cost carrier. However, those in professional roles or senior management are least interested in a low cost carrier like Ryanair. Finally, Kuwaiti’s travelling to Europe to experience leisure or visit relatives and friends are likely to fly Ryanair for its low cost. However, business people were least interested in using a low cost carrier like Ryanair, despite the fact that it would save their organization money. Clients who are concerned about the environment could elect to f ly low cost carriers since the reduced weight of the plane leads to a reduction in fuel used by the plane (Shaw 38). These airlines also offer a fairly simpler scheme for fares, for example, charging tickets for one way at half the price of round trips. This encourages clients to choose it. Since these carriers fly to less congested and smaller secondary airports during off-peak hours to avoid delays by traffic, they offer an

Classification According To Maturity Biology Essay

Classification According To Maturity Biology Essay INTRODUCTION The human eye is very nearly spherical, with a diameter of approximately 24 mm (nearly one inch). It consists of three concentric layers, each with its own characteristic appearance, structure and functions. From outermost to innermost, the three layers are the sclera, which protects the eyeball; the choroid, which nourishes the eyeball; and the retina, which detects light and initiates neural messages bound for the brain. The eye is partitioned into two chambers, a small anterior chamber and a larger vitreous chamber. Thus the basic layout consists of three concentric layers, two chambers, iris, pupil and the lens (Ross and wilson, 2001). Fig.1 Anatomy of the eye C:UsersDHINESHDesktopUntitled1.png The Lens One of very important optical element of the eye, the crystalline lens, lies right behind the iris. The lens takes its name from its resemblance to a lentil, or bean. In adults, the lens is shaped about 9 mm in diameter and 4 mm in thickness. The lens consists of three distinct parts: an elastic covering, or capsule; an epithelial layer just inside the capsule; and the lens itself. The thin, elastic capsule around the lens has two jobs. First, it moderates the flow of aqueous humor into the lens, helping the lens retain its transparency to light. Second, the elastic capsule moulds the shape of the lens varying its flatness and, thereby, the lens optical power. This variant in optical power is called accommodation. Lens grows throughout the life span; the outer, epithelial layer of lens continues to produce protein fibres that are added to the surface of the lens. Consequently, those protein fibres nearest the centre of the lens are the oldest (some were present at birth), whereas the fibres on the outside are the youngest. Between birth and 90 years of age, the lens quadruples in thickness and attains a weight of 250 mg. In the centre of the lens, the old fibres become more densely packed, producing sclerosis, or hardening, of the lens (Paterson, 1979). For good vision, the lens must be transparent and light must be able to pass through it easily, without loss or deviation. Like the cornea, this transparency depends on the material out of which the lens is made. Of all the bodys parts, the lens has the highest percentage of protein, and its protein fibres are lined up parallel to one another, maximizing the lens transparency to light. Anything that disturbs this alignment such as excess fluid inside the lens reduces its transparency. An opacity (or reduced transparency) of the lens is called a cataract. While some cataracts are minor, barely reducing the transmission of light, others undermine vision to the extent of blindness (Kyselova, 2004). Cataract Cataract is the opacification and crystalline formation of eye lens, associated with the breakdown of the eye lens micro-architecture, which interferes with the transmission of light onto the retina. Several biochemical processes for example, calcium deposition, oxidative stress, phase transition, altered epithelial metabolism, crystalline precipitation, calpain-induced proteolysis and cytoskeletal loss takes place during the development of cataract (Moghaddam, 2005). Fig.2 Normal, clear lens Fig.3 Lens clouded by cataract C:UsersDHINESHDesktopUntitled.png Fig.4 Etiology of cataract (Jacob, 1999) C:UsersDHINESHDesktopUntitled.png TYPES OF CATARACT A. Acquired cataract 1. Age related cataract a) Morphological classification i) Subcapsular cataract Anterior subcapsular cataract mainly associated with fibrous metaplasia of the epithelium present below the lens capsule. Posterior subcapsular cataract lies just in front of the posterior capsule and a clear vacuolated, granular or plaque-like appearance. Near vision is also most often impaired more than distant vision. ii) Nuclear cataract usually begins as an amplification of the changes most often seen with normal aging lens nucleus. It is often related with increased spherical aberration and also with an increased refractive index leading to myopia. Some elderly patients may consequently be capable to read yet again without spectacles. iii) Cortical cataract may be associated with the anterior, posterior or equatorial cortex. The opacities begin as clefts and vacuoles between lens fibres because of hydration of the cortex. Both cortical and subcapsular cataracts are white on oblique illumination and show black colouration, silhouetted against the red reflex, on retroillumination. b) Classification according to maturity i) An immature cataract means partially opaque lens. ii) A mature cataract means completely opaque lens. iii) A hypermature cataract means the leakage of water from the lens it leads to wrinkled and shrunken anterior capsule. iv) A morgagnian cataract means the total liquefication of lens cortex like hypermature cataract and it allows the lens nucleus to shrink inferiorly (Hejtmancik, 2004). 2. Presenile cataract Cataract may develop early in the following conditions, a) Diabetes mellitus Typically diabetic cataract is rare. In hyperglycemic conditions, the aqueous humor secretes high level of glucose and this excess of glucose diffuses into the lens. Aldosereductase metabolises glucose to sorbitol, which then accumulates in the lens, resulting in secondary osmotic over hydration of the lens substance. Nuclear opacities are common and tend to grow rapidly. Premature dystrophy may be seen due to decreased pliability of the lens. b) Myotonic dystrophy About 90% of patients, in third decade have fine cortical iridescent opacities, which evolve into visually disabling stellate posterior subcapsular cataract by the fifth decade. c) Atopic dertmatitis About 10% of patients with severe atopic dermatitis develop cataracts in the second to fourth decades. The opacities are often bilateral and may mature quickly. Shield like anterior subcapsular plaque which wrinkles the anterior capsule is characteristic. Posterior subcapsular opacities resembling a complicated cataract may also occur. 3. Traumatic cataract Trauma is the major risk factor for unilateral cataract in individuals. The following risk factors are involved in traumatic cataract, a) Direct penetrating injury to the lens. b) Concussion may cause an imprinting of iris colour on the anterior lens capsule (Vossius ring) as flower shaped cortical opacities (rosette cataract). c) Electric shock and lightening are rare causes. d) Ionizing radiation. e) Infrared radiation- In glassblowers, the IR rays causes exfoliation of the lens capsule which results in thickening of the superficial portion of the capsule and it further splits the deeper layer and protrudes into the anterior chamber. B. Drug induced cataract a) Steroidal drugs may induce cataract. Initially the lens opacities formed in posterior subcapsular region spreads into the anterior region. The relation between dose, duration of administration and the cataract development is unclear. It is understood that children may be more at risk to the cataractogenic effects of systemic steroids and genetic susceptibility may also be of significance. Patients who develop lens physiological changes should have their dose decreased to a minimum, reliable with control of the underlying disease, and if feasible be considered for alternate drug therapy. Premature opacities may regress if therapy is discontinued, alternatively progression may occur despite withdrawn and warrant surgical intervention. b) Chlorpromazine may cause the deposit of innocuous fine, stellate, yellowish brown granules on the anterior lens capsule within the papillary area. The deposition of granular material may accumulate on the corneal endothelium and deep stroma. Both lenticular and corneal deposits are dose -related and irreversible. In very high doses (>2400 mg daily), this drug may cause retinotoxicity. c) Lens opacities may occur due to the irregular use of Busulphan (Myleran) for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia. d) Amiodarone, used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, causes visually inconsequential anterior subcapsular lens deposits in about 50% of patients on moderate to high doses. e) Gold used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, causes harmless anterior capsular deposits in about 50% of patients on treatment for more than 3 years. f) Allopurinol, used in the treatment of hyperuricaemia and chronic gout, increases the risk of cataract formation in elderly patients, if the cumulative does exceeds 400 g or duration of administration exceeds 3 years. C. Secondary cataract A secondary (complicated) cataract grows as a result of some other primary ocular diseases. i. Chronic anterior uveitis is the main cause of secondary cataract. The earliest finding is a polychromatic lustre at the posterior pole of the lens which may not progress if the uveitis is arrested. If the inflammation persists, posterior and anterior opacities developed may progress to maturity. ii. Acute congestive angle closure glaucoma may cause small grey white anterior, subcapsular or capsular opacities within the papillary area. a. Myopia (Pathological) is linked with posterior subcapsular lens opacities and early-onset nuclear sclerosis, which may ironically increase the myopic refractive error. Simple myopia, however, is not associated with such cataract formation. b. Hereditary dystrophies such as retinitis pigmentosa, gyrate atrophy, leper congenital amaurosis and stickler syndrome may be associated with posterior subcapsular lens opacities. Cataract surgery may occasionally improve visual acuity even in the presence of severe retinal changes (Kanski et al., 2003). Free radicals involved in cataractogenesis Free radicals may be formed either by the reduction of molecules by electron transfer or by the haemolytic cleavage of covalent bond. Both these reactions may be enzymatic or non-enzymatic. Due to the presence of an odd unpaired electron in its outermost orbital, these free radicals are unstable and readily react with neighbourhood molecules and extract electrons from them, converting the attacked molecule into a few radical, which in turn attacks another molecule generating more free radicals and so on. This enables free radicals to induce chain reactions that may be thousands of events long. A free radical reaction is terminated by reaction between two free radicals or neutralization by antioxidants (Uday et al., 1999). Fig.5 Pathways of ROS formation C:UsersDHINESHDesktopUntitled 3.png Generation of free radicals Biological free radicals include reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, reactive sulphur species, free radicals obtained form xenobiotics. a) Superoxide anion radical (O2.-) It is generated from NADPH oxidase and from mitochondria. i) NADPH oxidase is present in the lysosomal cell membranes. It steals electron from O2 resulting in the formation superoxide anion radical (O ·2-). It is converted to hydrogen peroxide and is a spontaneous reaction which is known as respiratory burst. This hydrogen peroxide may react with the chlorine in the presence of myeloperoxidase to form hypochlorous acid or it may produce hydroxyl radicals, by the Fenton reaction which uses the metal ion Fe3+. ii) From Mitochondria: Ubiquionone, which is a terminal acceptor of electron, is converted to semiquinone (free radical). By reacting with O2, it forms (O ·2-) super oxide radical with H2O2, it produce hydroxyl radical ion. b) Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2 SOD It is formed by the dismutation of superoxide by the enzyme superoxide dismutase. O · 2 + O ·2 Hydrogen peroxide is generated from i) Aminoacid oxidases: Flavin is a co-enzyme required for the oxidative deamination of amino acid. The reduced flavin attacks molecular oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide. ii) Xanthine oxidase: Xanthine oxidase catalyses the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and hydrogen peroxide is released from molecular oxygen. iii) Peroxisomes: Peroxisomes is the site of  Ã‚ ¢-oxidation of fatty acids.  Ã‚ ¢- Oxidation of the fatty acids is catalysed by acetyl co-enzyme-A dehydrogenase. During this process, a co-enzyme called FAD which donates two electrons gets reduced to FADH2. Again it is converted to FAD. During that process it gives out O2 and H2O (Kovaceva et al., 2007). c) Hydroperoxyl radical They are highly lipophillic and capable of initiating lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation Lipid peroxidation is a self- perpetuating common process and involves the conversion of lipid components from cell organelles into lipid peroxides resulting in the formation of a pigment known as lipofuscin. Lysosomic reactive oxygen species are formed as a result of complex oxidative chain reactions in mitochondria during energy production. H2O2 formed in smaller amounts by mitochondria pass through walls of lysosome and react with Fe (II) in a reaction known as Fenton reaction to form potent hydroxyl radicals which cause lipid peroxidation (Halliwell, 2001). Malondialdehyde is the major reactive aldehyde resulting from the peroxidation of biological membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). MDA, a secondary product of LPO, is used as an indicator of tissue damage by a series of chain reactions. MDA is a by-product of prostaglandin biosynthesis. It reacts with thiobarbituric acid and produces a red-coloured product. MDA is a mutagenic and genotoxic agent that may contribute to d evelopment of human cancer. Ca2+ ATPase The Ca2+ ATPase is a transport protein in the cells that serves to eliminate calcium (Ca2+) from the cell. It is essential for maintaining the amount of Ca2+ within the cells. Based upon the electrochemical gradient calcium ion enter into the cells through the trans membrane. This process is important for the cell signalling by which it lowers calcium level. Thus it is necessary for the cell to utilize ion pumps to remove the Ca2+. The Ca2+ ATPase is expressed in a variety of tissues, together with the brain (Hightower et al., 1982). IN VIVO MODELS IN CATARACT (Gupta, 2004) 1. Sugar cataract i) Galactose induced cataract The changes associated with galactose cataractogenesis include the initial reduction of galactose into dulcitol through intervention of aldose reductase with NADPH as a co-factor. Accumulation of dulcitol in the lens, (since it is not metabolized) creates cellular hypertonicity associated with and/or followed by a cascade of events, which includes an influx of water, swelling of the lens fibres, epithelial cell edema, damage of plasma membrane, compromise of cellular permeability, a drop in myinositol level, a reduction in Na+ K+ ATPase activity an influx of Na+ and Cl- and an efflux of K+ and the loss of glutathione and aminoacids. These are the morphological, biochemical, enzymatic and molecular alterations in the lens associated with galactose cataracts. ii) Alloxan induced cataract Alloxan is a cyclic urea analog which is highly reactive molecule that is readily reduced to dialuric acid, which is then auto oxidized back to alloxan resulting in the formation of hydroxyl radical, O2.-, including H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide). However, the other mechanism reveals the ability of alloxan to react with protein sulfhydryl groups on hexokinase, a signal recognition enzyme in the pancreatic ÃŽ ²-cells that couples changes in the blood glucose concentration to the rate of insulin secretion. By this mechanism, inhibition of glucokinase and other SH containing membrane proteins on the ÃŽ ²-cells would eventually result in cell necrosis within minutes. iii) Streptozocin induced cataract Diabetes related cataractogenic changes are seen in the animals injected with streptozocin. This streptozocin initiates cytotoxic action in pancreatic ÃŽ ² cells because sreptozocin contain glucose molecule and highly reactive nitrosourea side chain. It binds to the membrane receptor to generate structural damage. At the intracellular level three major phenomena are responsible for ÃŽ ² cell death, i) Methylation ii) Free radical production iii) Formation of Nitric oxide (NO). The damage caused to ÃŽ ² cells alters the sugar metabolism leading to diabetes. 2. Selenite induced cataract Selenite cataract resembles human cataract in many ways such as insoluble protein, vesicle formation, increased calcium, reduced glutathione (GSH) and decreased water-soluble proteins. However, selenite cataract shows no high molecular weight protein aggregation or increased disulfide formation and is dominated by rapid calpain-induced proteolytic precipitation, while senile cataracts may be produced by prolonged oxidative stress. 3. Naphthalene induced cataract Naphthalene is oxidized in the liver initially to an epoxide and then it converted into naphthalene dihydrodiol. This stable component is converted enzymatically into dihydroxynaphthalene to reaching the eye. Being unstable at physiological pH, 1, 2- dihydroxynaphthalene and spontaneously autooxidises to 1, 2- naphthoquinone and H2O2 . It alkylates proteins, glutathione and aminoacids and generates free radicals. 4. Glucocorticoid induced cataract Glucocorticoid cataract results in the formation of steroid- adduct protein, induction of transglutaminase and reduction of ATPase activity may lead to cataract. Steroid cataracts are produced by the activities of glucocorthicoids and progressed by way of production of oxidative stress similar to other types of cataract. 5. L- Buthionine S, R- Sulfoximine (BSO) induced cataract Glutathione is present in mammalian lens in high concentrations and is involved in the protection of lens against oxidation. In most of the cataracts the decrease in its level is observed. 6. Smoke induced cataract Cigarette smoke contains trace and heavy metals. The increased metal contents in lens cause lens damage by the mechanism of oxidative stress-forming oxygen radicals, via metal catalyzed Fenton Reaction. In other words cigarette smoke is associated with the accumulation of iron and calcium. 7. UV radiation induced cataract Epidemiological studies have exposed a link between exposure to UV radiation in sunlight and development of cataract. Experimental studies confirm that ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces cataract. There is, however, a lack of data on the age dependence in experimental UV radiation-induced cataract. 8. Microwave induced cataract Microwave radiation has been reported to produce posterior subcapsular and cortical cataracts in rabbits and dogs within a short span of time. 9. Transforming Growth Factor ÃŽ ² (TNFB) induced cataract TGFB is induced by injecting approximately 60 ng TGFB into the vitreous. TGFB induce lens epithelial cells to undergo molecular modify and abnormal morphologic that mimic the changes observed in human posterior subcapsular and cortical cataract (Gupta, 2004). IN VITRO MODELS IN CATARACT (Gupta, 2004) Induction of cataract in isolated animal lenses maintained in organ culture has become a convenient, quick and appropriate method for testing the anticataract efficacy of an agent. Opacification of lens is induced by generating oxidative stress/ hyperglycemic/ hypergalactosemic conditions around the lens by supplementing the culture medium with a variety of exogenous substances. 1. Oxidative stress induced cataract Oxidative mechanisms play an important role in many biological phenomena including cataract formation. Formation of the superoxide radical in the aqueous humor, lens and its derivatization to other potent oxidants may be responsible for initiating various toxic biochemical reactions leading to the progress of cataract. In vitro such cataracts are induced by agents like selenium, H2O2, photosensitizers and enzyme xanthine oxidase. 2. Selenite induced cataract In vitro cataract is produced by supplementing the tissue culture medium with 25 to 100 mM sodium selenite in which freshly enucleated transparent rat lenses are incubated at 370C. This causes membrane damage and faint cortical opacities within 24 h. 3. Photochemically induced cataract Riboflavin, a photosensitizer, is supplemented in the culture medium to induce cataract in cultured lenses. Micro quantities (4-200  Ã‚ ­M) of riboflavin lead to severe physiological damage and opacification within 24 h after exposure to light. The initial membrane damage is evidenced by a disturbed cation ratio between lens water and the medium of incubation. Riboflavin on getting photosensitized generates free radicals in a sequence of reactions. Lenses are maintained in organ culture for 24 to 72 h. The lenses are divided into four groups and incubated in the dark and light both in presence and absence of riboflavin. The lenses are exposed to light with two 15-w daylight fluorescent lamp placed at 8 inches above the cluster plate. The culture medium is replaced every 24 h. Riboflavin shows no effect on the lens in the absence of light, and light without riboflavin has no significant effect. opacification starts in the equatorial zone and gradually extends towards the centre of the lens. 4. Enzymatically induced cataract Supplementation of culture medium with 1 mM xanthine and 0.1 unit xanthine oxidase, which act as substrate and enzyme respectively, leads to generation of superoxide radical. The lenses suffer severe oxidative damage and turn opaque within 24 h when incubated in culture medium at 370C. 5. Hydrogen peroxide induced cataract Incubation of lenses in medium containing 50-500  Ã‚ ­M H2O2 and it produce cataract. Opacification starts in the equatorial region within 24 h. The entire superficial cortex becomes opaque by 96 h. Due to the high instability of H2O2, the medium is changed every 2 h during the first eight hours. 6. Sugar induced cataract Transparent and undamaged lenses are incubated in a basis culture medium with fetal calf serum for 24 to 48 h. In the control group the medium is supplemented with glucose (30 mM), lenses develop opacity in the subcapsular region on day 1 and in the central region on day 2. Biochemical analyses reveal raised polyol, malondialdehyde levels and water content, and decreased glutathione levels in these lenses. 7. Steroid induced cataract Steroid-induced experimental cataract is produced in vitro by incubating the transparent lenses in the medium containing methyl prednisolone (1.5 mg/ml). The test agent and methyl prednisolone added alone and together to the medium form drug control, control and treated groups respectively. Early cataract around the equator is produced within 24 h of incubation. Incubation period may be extended to 48 h for dense opacity. Morphological changes and modulation in biochemical parameters between the groups may show the potential of the anticataract agent. 8. Naphthalene induced cataract TC-199 medium is used for the preincubation of lens. Stock solution of napthalene dihydrodiol is prepared in 20% ethanol at 2.5-10-3 M concentration. The stock solution is diluted 1:100 to obtain the final concentration of 25.5 -10-5 M. The final osmolarity of the solution is 295-300 m Osmol. Rat lenses are incubated in TC-199 medium containing napthalene metabolite solution. Medium is renewed daily till 72 h. Lenses remain clear during the initial 24 h but from shell-like opacity around the nucleus by 48 h. Opacification becomes more peripheral and widespread after 72 h. At 48 h, under such conditions of incubation, development of opacity mimics the in vivo napthalene cataract. Naphthalene is oxidized in the liver first to an epoxide and then is altered into naphthalene dihydrodiol. This stable component on reaching the eye gets converted enzymatically to dihydroxynaphthalene. Being unstable at physiological pH, 1,2 dihydroxynapthalene sponaneously auto oxidises to 1,2 naphthoquinon e and H2O2. It alkylates proteins glutathione and amino acids and generates free radicals. There is a loss of protein thiol in this reaction and the products are less easily digestible by pancreatin than normal lens protein (Rees and Pirie, 1967). 9. Ca2+ induced cataract In this model, the control group contains the lenses incubated in the medium enriched with 20 mM Ca2+ or 1x 10-2 mM A23187 calcium ionopore. The treatment group lenses are cultured in the calcium and the test drug-containing medium. Incubation period can range from 24-72 h (Gupta, 2004). Fig.6 Mechanism of action of glucose-induced cataract C:UsersDHINESHDesktopUntitled 7.png Under physiological conditions, glucose is metabolized through the glycolytic pathway. An excess amount of glucose is converted to sorbitol by enzyme aldose reductase via polyol pathway. The glucose conversion into sorbitol by utilizing NADPH results in the reduction of NADPH/NADP+. Moreover, sorbitol undergoes oxidation to fructose by using sorbitol dehydrogenase (SD). Sorbitol does not easily cross cell membrane. Intra lenticular accumulation of sorbitol, leads to lens damage (Kyselova, 2004). Fig.7 Biomorphological changes during cataract formation C:UsersDHINESHDesktopUntitled 66.png As, the lens starts to swell in response to the hyper osmotic effects of polyol accumulation, membrane permeability changes resulting in an increase in lenticular sodium and decrease in the levels of lenticular potassium, reduced glutathione, ATP and free amino acids. The overall antioxidant status of the lens decreases because of depletion of GSH (Kyselova, 2004). Mechanism of action of calcium-induced cataract Fig.8 Calcium transport pathway Increased levels of lenticular calcium activate calcium dependent proteases. The activated proteases hydrolyze cytoskeletal proteins and lens crystalline. Crystalline cleavage would result from lower molecular weight peptides that could, in turn, aggregate to form higher molecular weight proteins (Wang et al., 1996). Various methods for the prevention of cataract The development of newer drugs for treatment of cataract mainly aims, interacting at the level of changed lens metabolism and lens pathophysiology. The in vitro, in vivo studies are used to identify the anti cataract agents. This epidemiological studies may be widely classified in the following categories (Gupta et al., 1997). Aldose reductase inhibitors Agents acting on glutathione Nonsteroidal anti -inflammatory drugs Vitamins, minerals and antioxidants Miscellaneous agents. 1) Aldose Reductase Inhibitors These drugs are aimed to prevent the metabolic dysfunctions of diabeties by polyol pathways. Aldose reductase inhibitors prevents the accumulation of sorbital within the lens would have an osmotic effect bringing in water and causing swelling and opacification. Sorbinil a spirohydantoin became the most powerful sorbitol lowering agent. Sorbinil prevents increased fluorescence and protein aggregation and it also acts as an antioxidant. 2) Non Steroidal Anti inflammatory Drugs The NSAIDS broadly studied are paracetamol, aspirin, Ibuprofen, sulindac, naproxen, and bendazec. The NSAIDS provide adequate productive effect to lens protein through various steps like acylation, carbamylation and inhibition of glycocylation. Some of them are also reported to inhibit lens AR to varying extent. NSAIDS contains antioxidant properties also. Most of the studies on the evaluation of anticataract potential of drugs have been conducted by feeding the drugs by oral route. 3) Agents which act on glutathione Glutathione is a tripeptide thiol known to control calcium inflex and protect lens protein from various agents like glucose and galactose. With advancing of age there is a considerable decrease in the concentration of glutathione and the decrease more prominent in lens with cataract. 4) Vitamins, minerals and antioxidants If oxidation in lens leads to cataract formation, then is feasible to prevent it by the use of antioxidants such as vitamins C and E and perhaps ÃŽ ²-carotene. The potential role of vitamins and antioxidants in preventing various diseases is well documented there are reports suggesting beneficial effect of vitamins like C and E in preventing cataract. Beta -carotene has also been demonstrated to protect lens damage by hematoporphysin. Ascorbate protects rubidium uptake against free radical damage and prevents light induced protein cross linking. Protective effect of vitamin C has been also reported in various in vitro studies. Vitamin E has been found to delay cataractogenesis in diabetic rats and in Emory mouse. Vitamins C and E,  Ã‚ ¢- Carotene and other anticataract agents probably act via a common mechanism of their scavenging properties of free radicals (Gupta et al., 1997b). Antioxidant enzymes 1) Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) SODs are a family of metalloenzymes that transfer superoxide in to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and represents the first line of defence against oxygen toxicity. 2O2- + 2H → H2O2 + O2 Three isoforms of SOD have been found. The first is mainly found in the cytoplasm of cells and it containing Cu and Zn at its active site (Cu/Zn SOD-1), the second containing Mn at its active site is located in mitochondria (Mn SOD-2) and the third (Cu/Zn SOD-3) is present in the extracellular fluid like plasma. SOD is a stress protein which is synthesized mostly in response to oxidative stress. It is found that little amount of Cu, Zn and Mn metals are crucial for maintaining the antioxidant activity of SOD (Halliwell, 1994; Ray and Husain, 2002). 2) Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) GPx is one of the most important enzymes responsible for the degradation of organic peroxides and hydrogen peroxide in the brain. GPx catalyse the oxidation of GSH to GSSG at the expense of H2O2. There are two isoforms have been identified, selenium-dependent which is highly active towards H2O2 and organic hydroperoxides and selenium independent GPx. GPx activity has been reduced in selenium deficiency (Muller et al., 1984; Son et al., 2007). 3) Catalase (CAT) It is a heme-containing protein present in most cells. 2H2O2+ 2H2O → O2 Catalase is 104 times faster than GPx. It is having four protein subunits, each containing a heme Fe (III)-protoporphyrin group bound to its active site. GPx and CAT were found to be important in the inactivation of many environmental mutagens (Ray and Husain, 2002). 4) Glutathione (GSH) GSH has major intracellular antioxidant molecule and it is a tripeptide synthesised by enzymatic reaction involving two molecules of ATP from aminoacids like glutamate, glycine and cysteine. It plays a very crucial role in detoxification of peroxides and electrophilic toxins, mainly by acting as a substrate for GSH transferase and GSH peroxidase. It was shown that weakening of GSH enhances cerebral ischemic injury in rats (Mizui et al., 1992; Son et al., 2007).

The Dangers Of Diet Aids :: essays research papers fc

THE DANGERS OF DIET AIDS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  About a month ago, I stepped onto my bathroom scales. When I looked down at the numbers, my fears were confirmed: I had gained 5 pounds. Overcome with a desire to shed this unwanted extra weight, I decided to join millions of Americans just like me, and buy some sort of diet aid to help me along. I had no idea what to look for, what to avoid, and possible side effects, so I began to research the different types of diet aids, both chemical and herbal, and was hit with some very disturbing facts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It has been estimated that nearly 10 million women in the U.S. buy over-the-counter diet aids.(Cottrell, 99) Diet aids come in the form of pills, tablets, capsules, powders, milkshakes, herbal teas, and candies. They work in one of two ways, either by suppressing the appetite or by producing a feeling of fullness that encourages the eater to limit her food consumption.(Cottrell, 99) This feeling of fullness is often brought about by the ingredient guar gum, which forms a gel in the stomach. It has not been proven, though, that guar gum has a benefit for weight reduction.(Cottrell, 99)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Amphetamines, which suppress the appetite, are a common ingredient in many over-the-counter diet aids. They are also commonly found in other drugs such as Speed, Crystal, White Crosses, 357 Magnums, Black Beauties, Crank, Ice, and Meth, most of which are illegal.(Cottrell, 99) Amphetamines increase heart and breathing rates and blood pressure, and dilate pupils. Users can also experience a dry mouth, sweating, headache, blurred vision, dizziness, sleeplessness, and anxiety.(Cottrell, 100) Extremely high doses can cause usersto flush or become pale; they can cause a rapid or irregular heartbeat, tremors, loss of coordination and even physical collapse.(Cottrell, 101) Toxic psychosis, delusional thinking and even death can also occur. Long-term heavy use of amphetamines can lead to malnutrition, skin disorders, ulcers, and various diseases that come from vitamin deficiencies.(Cottrell, 101) Lack of sleep, weight loss, and depression also result from regular use. When people stop using amphetamines abruptly, they may experience fatigue, long periods of sleep, irritability, extreme hunger and depression.(Cottrell, 101) The length and severity of the depression seems to be related to how much and how often the amphetamines were used.(Cottrell, 101)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another common ingredient that is chemically related to the amphetamine, is Phenylpropanolamine (PPA), the only FDA-approved over-the-counter weight loss drug.(Cottrell, 100) PPA, the active ingredient in Dexatrim, Acutrim, and most other diet aids, acts on the appetite center in the brain, the hypothalamus, reducing the desire to eat.

The Feasibility of Utillizing Basella Rubra

People nowadays use alugbati nightshade leaves for cooking and throw away the stems. Instead of throwing the stems, why not investigate a product from utilizing Basella Rubra (Alugbati) stems that will be a great help to the industry. Utilizing the stems of Basella Rubra is also practical and economical for the users. This kind of plant is abundant even found in backyards here in our country. It has spread throughout the tropical countries and one of the best tropical spinach widely adapted to a variety of soils and climates. Malabar n. has thicker tender stems. It is a good source of vitamins A, C and iron. The researchers decided to make Alugbati stems as a skin moisturizer because it possesses that commercial moisturizers have like: emollients. This helps the skin to be moisturized and soften. This study aims to produce and attempts to discover the capability of alugbati stems as a substitute for commercial skin moisturizer. It also aims to produce product that is less expensive and acceptable for people who has skin problems. Significance of the Study: This study is significant especially to persons that has a problem on dryness of the skin because they don’t have to buy an expensive skin moisturizer for there is already a substitute to it that is cheaper and environmentally friendly product. Statement of the Problem: Is it possible to make a skin moisturizer out of alugbati stems? Are there any properties of alugbati stems that can be used as a skin moisturizer? Hypothesis: It is possible to make a skin moisturizer out of alugbati stems and there are also properties of alugbati stems that can be used as a skin moisturizer. Materials and Equipments: The materials that will be use are clean containers, strainer, mortar and pestle, Alugbati stem, Glycerin, and perfume oil. Variables: The independent variables are: (1) Water (2) amount of Glycerin and (3) amount of perfume oil while the dependent variable is the Basella Rubra (Alugbati) stem. Procedures: The procedures in making a skin moisturizer out of alugbati stems are: (1) Wash the alugbati stem and sterilize the containers to be use. (2) Peeling the skin of the stem of alugbati using knifes or hands. 3) Pounding of the stem of the alugbati using the mortar and pestle. (4) Add a little amount of water then pound again until it becomes subtle. (5) Strain to separate the extract and the stem. (6) Cool it aside. (7) Add glycerin that will make it a moisturizer and perfume oil to enhance its fragrance. Review of Related Literature: Glycerin is a neutral, sweet-tasting, colorless, thick liquid which freezes to a gummy paste and which has a high boiling poi nt. Glycerin can be dissolved into water or alcohol, but not oils. On the other hand, many things will dissolve into glycerin easier than they do into water or alcohol. So it is a good solvent. Glycerin is also highly â€Å"hygroscopic† which means that it absorbs water from the air. Example: if you left a bottle of pure glycerin exposed to air in your kitchen, it would take moisture from the air and eventually, it would become 80 per glycerin and 20 percent water. Because of this hygroscopic quality, pure, 100 percent glycerin placed on the tongue may raise a blister, since it is dehydrating. Diluted with water, however, it will soften your skin. While people say this softening is the result of the glycerin attracting moisture to your skin, there is heated debate as to whether or not the glycerin has some other properties all its own which are helpful to the skin. Summed up, the current thinking is â€Å"We know glycerin softens the skin. Some people think its because it attracts moisture, but there could be other reasons. † Glycerin has lots of uses besides being used to make nitroglycerin (note: glycerin is not an explosive substance by itself. It has to be turned into nitroglycerin before it becomes explosive, so it’s safe to work with in your kitchen). Some uses for glycerin include: conserving preserved fruit, as a base for lotions, to prevent freezing in hydraulic jacks, to lubricate molds, in some printing inks, in cake and candy making, and (because it has an antiseptic quality) sometimes to preserve scientific specimens in jars in your high school biology lab. http://pioneerthinking. com/crafts/what-is-glycerin Moisturizers or emollients are complex mixtures of chemical agents specially designed to make the external layers of the skin (epidermis) softer and more pliable. They increase the skin's hydration (water content) by reducing evaporation. Naturally occurring skin lipids and sterols, as well as artificial or natural oils, humectants, emollients, lubricants, etc. , may be part of the composition of commercial skin moisturizers. They usually are available as commercial products for cosmetic and therapeutic uses, but can also be made at home using common pharmacy ingredients. Moisturizers prevent and treat dry skin, protect sensitive skin, improve skin tone and texture, and mask imperfections. ttp://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Emollient Alugbati is a plant used a vegetable. It is rich in calcium, Vitamin B (Thiamine, Niacin & Riboflavin) and Vitamin C. It is a laxative and has soluble fiber that acts like magnet to ingested fat and subsequently reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Regularly eating alugbati will help reduce degenerative disease. Red alugbati has the added property of higher amounts of xanthones, an antioxidant. It can also impro ve and regularlize bowel movement. B-complex vitamins help improve blood vessel strength. http://gonatural. com. ph/herbalblog/alugbati-scientific-name-basella-alba-basella-rubra-linn/ Alugbati is a succulent, branched, smooth, twining herbaceous vine, several meters in length. Stems are purplish or green. Leaves are somewhat fleshy, ovate or heart-shaped, 5 to 12 centimeters long, stalked, tapering to a pointed tip with a cordate base. Spikes are axillary, solitary, 5 to 29 centimeters long. Flowers are pink, about 4 millimeters long. Fruit is fleshy, stalkless, ovoid or nearly spherical, 5 to 6 millimeters long, and purple when mature. Constituents †¢ Phytochemical screening of various extracts yielded cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and reducing sugars. †¢ Study isolated Basellasaponins A, B, C, and D, oleanane-type triterpenes oligoglycosides, together with betavulgaroside 1, spinacoside C, and momordins IIb and IIc, from fresh aerial parts. †¢ Leaves yield saponin, vitamin A and B. †¢ Fruit yields mucilage and iron. Study of wild Basella rubra showed it to be abundant in carotene, middle in vitamin C, and low in nitrate. Nitrate in planted B. rubra is about twice that of the wild variety. Properties †¢ Aperient, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, laxative, rubefacient. †¢ Mucilaginous when cooked. Uses Edibility / Nutrition – Common market product, a popular leafy and stew vegetable, and a good substitute for spinach. – The green and purple cultivated varieties are preferable to the wild ones. – Both the young shoots and stems are eaten.

Law of Definite Proportions Definition

Law of Definite Proportions Definition The law of definite proportions, together with the law of multiple proportions, forms the basis for the  study of stoichiometry  in chemistry. The law of definite proportions is also known as Prousts law or the law of constant composition. Law of Definite Proportions Definition The law of definite proportions states samples of a compound will always contain the same proportion of elements by mass. The mass ratio of elements is fixed no matter where the elements came from, how the compound is prepared or any other factor. Essentially, the law is based on the fact that an atom of a particular element is the same as any other atom of that element. So, an atom of oxygen is the same, whether it comes from silica or oxygen in air. The Law of Constant Composition is an equivalent law, which states each sample of a compound has the same composition of elements by mass. Law of Definition Proportions Example The law of definite proportions says water will always contain 1/9 hydrogen and 8/9 oxygen by mass. The sodium and chlorine in table salt combine according to the rule in NaCl. The atomic weight of sodium is about 23 and that of chlorine is about 35, so from the law one may conclude dissociating 58 grams of NaCl would produce about 23 g of sodium and 35 g of chlorine. History of the Law of Definite Proportions Although the law of definite proportions may seem obvious to a modern chemist, the manner in which elements combine was not obvious in the early days of chemistry through the end of the 18th century. French chemist Joseph Proust (1754–1826) is credited with the discovery, but English chemist and theologian Joseph Priestly (1783–1804) and French chemist Antoine Lavoisier (1771–1794) were the first to publish the law as a scientific proposal in 1794, based on the study of combustion. They noted metals always combine with two proportions of oxygen. As we know today, oxygen in the air is a gas consisting of two atoms, O2. The law was hotly disputed when it was proposed. French chemist Claude Louis Berthollet (1748–1822) was an opponent, arguing elements could combine in any proportion to form compounds. It wasnt until English chemist John Dalton (1766–1844)s atomic theory explained the nature of atoms that the law of definite proportions became accepted. Exceptions to the Law of Definite Proportions Although the law of definite proportions is useful in chemistry, there are exceptions to the rule. Some compounds are non-stoichiometric in nature, meaning their elemental composition varies from one sample to another. For example, wustite is a type of iron oxide with an elemental composition varying between 0.83 and 0.95 iron atoms for each oxygen atom (23%–25% oxygen by mass). The ideal formula for iron oxide is FeO, but the crystal structure is such that there are variations. The formula for wustite is written Fe0.95O. Also, the isotopic composition of an element sample varies according to its source. This means the mass of a pure stoichiometric compound will be slightly different depending on its origin. Polymers also vary in element composition by mass, although they are not considered true chemical compounds in the strictest chemical sense.

How to Write an Anthropology Essay on Dorset Culture

How to Write an Anthropology Essay on Dorset Culture If you are studying the Dorset Culture during anthropology, chances are that your instructor will have you write an essay to see how thorough you’ve been. If this is your first time writing an anthropology essay, chances are that you may begin to fret, especially if a considerable chunk of your grade relies on what you deliver. However, you do not have to worry for long as the following advice will help you create a great essay and get a good grade. Start by Gathering as Much Information as You Can Before you begin your research, talk to your course instructor about the Dorset culture in order to better know it for your upcoming assignment. If you have enough time before your deadline, you can first read a little further on the subject so that your student-teacher discussion can be more meaningful. Just make sure to go beyond online resources and books as new developments happen every single day. Decide on a Topic and Collect Relevant Information After talking to your instructor, you may have a lot of ideas for your essay on the Dorset culture. Jot these down and start researching lightly to decide which one you can elaborate on the most. As you collect material for your essay, keep the following pointers in mind. Be Pertinent – Choose resources that offer information on the Dorset culture. Most resources cover all the civilizations of the Arctic, so be specific from the start to avoid getting hassled while writing. Research Beyond the Web – As easy and convenient as the Internet may be for this stage, you need to visit the library to get as much information on this peaceful civilization as possible. Make sure to also check the digital journals your library has subscriptions to as they offer a lot of new information which your instructor may like reading. Be Perceptive – Most of the reading material you will find on the Dorset Culture will be perceptive. Seek to understand the meanings of writers’ statements so that you can learn more and use this new information in your essay rephrased. Do Not Delay Writing Your Dorset Culture Essay Once you have the research in hand, it is time for you to begin writing. Traditionally, you will need the following three steps to write an anthropology essay: Write an introduction at the beginning, but make sure it reflects your argument. Ensure that the paragraphs and sentences are progressive and connected. Write the conclusive paragraph in a way that summarizes the entire essay in one place. If your instructor provides you with a template, follow that instead. In addition to abiding the format your anthropology instructor has detailed while handing out your assignment, use these tips to make the writing phase simpler. Be Organized – Make sure your research on the Dorset Culture is well organized so that you can easily determine the themes you will discuss in your essay. Maintain a Balance While Writing – Do not go deep into the facts of the Dorset Culture as these can derail your essay. On the other hand, do not be too abrupt or concise as that can affect the flow of your paper. Instead, focus on finding a middle way and provide a summarized analysis. Give Credit Where It Is Due – Remember to correctly reference the information in your essay writing. Even if your instructor does not notice missing references, remember your ethical duty to give credit where it is due. By the time you are done writing, you will have learned a lot on the Dorset culture. Just remember these tips every time you need to write an anthropology essay later on. This guide should walk you through the process with relative ease. Don’t forget to also take a gander at our 23 selected facts as well as 20 topics and 1 sample essay on Dorset culture for an anthropology essay.

Night owl Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Night owl - Essay Example This however does not negate the fact that good sleeping patterns should not be advocated for. It is not only vital but also health for persons to get the right amount of sleep each day. Much praises has not been languished towards the night owls as the early birds. However, Jacques (Para 3) explains that there are reasons the owl persons to be proud of who they are. She argues that one of the reasons to be proud if an individual is an evening person is that they might be having an IQ that is relatively higher. At the London School of Economics and Political Science, an evolutionary scientist called Satoshi Kanazawa found out the possibility of a connection or relationship between evolutionary adaptive behaviors and intelligence. It is a deviation from what ancestors did. Jacques (Para 4) activities that are routinely nocturnal are evolutionarily novel and were most likely seldom in the ancestral environment. The conclusion of the study revealed that intelligent children have the highest probability of growing up and becoming nocturnal in adulthood by going to bed both on weekends and weekdays late and waking up late. However, despite the fact that their IQ may be higher, the early birds tend to in a slightly better position for success. According to Jacque (Para 5), the second reason for the evening persons to be proud is that they usually benefit from the having strength at night. They have an advantage in terms of physicality in comparison to the morning people. The tests from researchers of the University of Alberta on the strength of legs of both morning and evening persons reveals that while the early birds exhibit consistent strength throughout the day, the night owls strength peaks at night to higher levels. This is attributed to the fact that nocturnal persons shows increase in excitability in the spinal cord and motor cortex. Jacque (Para 6) claims that individuals who tend to work more at night are to be a little more

Portfolio Management & Construction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9000 words

Portfolio Management & Construction - Essay Example Qatar produces nearly 776 thousand barrels of oil each day and this current level of production is estimated to last for 54 years. When it comes to natural gas, the country is richest if all in the GCC countries. At the end of 2008, its natural gas reserves stood at 25.56 trillion cubic meters, representing nearly 61% of the entire GCC natural gas reserves and nearly 14% of the world’s natural gas reserves. In the GCC region, the country can be called as one of the most stable countries, given its prudent macroeconomic management and combination of natural resources. Due to higher global demand of energy, the economic boom continued till the end of 2008. In the past six years, the economy of Qatar grew as much as five times in size from 2002 to 2008, with an annual rate of 31.6% on average that makes nearly $19.6 billion (2002) to $100.4 billion (2008). The reason of such massive growth is steady increase in energy prices as well as surging gas and oil production. The country has allowed significant foreign investment in the production of its gas field in the past decade and is predicted to become world’s largest Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) exporter in the future period of time. The country is also pursuing to attract foreign investment in the production of its other sectors such as non-energy projects by liberalize the economy even more. However, the global economy experienced drop in oil prices in late 2008 as well as economic and global financial crises that ultimately reduced the budget surplus of the economy and resulted in sluggish pace of development projects and investments in 2009. It is expected that economic growth will rebound and the economic policy emphasizes on developing the non-associated natural gas reserves of Qatar and improving foreign and private investment in non-energy sectors but gas and oil sector is still central in the